#秋褲安排上#引發(fā)輿論 立冬農(nóng)事不可忘

2018-11-07 14:17:46 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34275 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】《中國(guó)天文年歷》顯示，今天(11月7日)19時(shí)32分，我們將迎來今年冬天的個(gè)節(jié)氣——立冬。“立”，即建立、開始；“冬”，古籍《月令七十二候集解》中有言：“冬，終也，萬物收藏也”，意思是說秋季作物全部收曬完畢，收藏入庫，動(dòng)物也已藏起來準(zhǔn)備冬眠。
 
　　從這個(gè)時(shí)候開始，日照時(shí)間將持續(xù)縮短，尤其是伴隨著一個(gè)超冷空氣的來襲，大半個(gè)中國(guó)的氣溫將創(chuàng)新低。日前，中國(guó)天氣網(wǎng)就推出了秋褲預(yù)報(bào)，#超兇的冷空氣來了#、#秋褲預(yù)警地圖#話題輪番上熱搜。今日，#立冬#、#冬天真的來了#、#不穿秋褲的#、#秋褲安排上#等相關(guān)話題更是居高不下。網(wǎng)友們紛紛調(diào)侃；“北方的冷，是干冷，那是物理攻擊；南方的冷，是濕冷，那是魔法攻擊。”
 
　　與大部分網(wǎng)友們調(diào)侃態(tài)度不一樣，立冬的到來對(duì)于農(nóng)民們來說具有獨(dú)特意義。這個(gè)時(shí)候，普遍北方大幅降溫，南方有的地區(qū)仍在搶秋收及搶種晚茬冬麥。這時(shí)北方冷空氣常頻頻南侵，有時(shí)形成大風(fēng)、降溫并伴有雨雪的寒潮天氣。劇烈的降溫，特別是冷暖異常的天氣對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有嚴(yán)重的不利影響，注意氣象預(yù)報(bào)，根據(jù)天氣變化做好農(nóng)作物寒害、凍害等的防御工作顯得十分重要。
 
　　大田作物
 
　　一般來說，立冬前后，我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)降水顯著減少。東北地區(qū)大地封凍，農(nóng)林作物進(jìn)入越冬期；江淮地區(qū)“三秋”已接近尾聲；江南正忙著搶種晚茬冬麥，以保證播種質(zhì)量力求做到帶蘗越冬，防止年內(nèi)拔節(jié)，并盡量擴(kuò)大冬種面積，減少空閑田；而華南卻是“立冬種麥正當(dāng)時(shí)”的佳時(shí)期。這時(shí)節(jié)正是秋收冬種的大好時(shí)段，各地充分利用晴好天氣，搞好晚稻的收、曬、晾，保證入庫質(zhì)量。
 
　　水稻需要適時(shí)收割中、晚稻，抓緊翻曬進(jìn)倉，減少陰雨天氣造成不必要的損失；直播油菜盡可能在11月初播種完畢，秧苗期抓好以蚜蟲為主的病蟲害防治工作；大、小麥要選用優(yōu)良品種，提高播種質(zhì)量，同時(shí)要做好早播小麥的田間管理，稻板麥在抓好播前土壤準(zhǔn)備的同時(shí)，著重抓好精細(xì)覆土消滅“三子”(露子、叢子和深子)和稻田化學(xué)除草工作；本月為藺草插種適期和田間管理前期，重點(diǎn)要把好插種質(zhì)量關(guān)，促使移栽后盡快發(fā)根，盡早返青、分蘗、確保全苗。播種結(jié)束后，立即進(jìn)行一次質(zhì)量檢查，查苗、補(bǔ)好浮苗，防止野鴨(鳥)等傷苗；一熟棉田和未拔柴的棉套麥(蒜)，及時(shí)拔柴或秸稈還田，深耕破垡，每?jī)赡晟罡淮?，其他冬季空閑田塊及時(shí)耕翻曬垡，做好前茬秸稈還田，增施腐熟有機(jī)肥培肥土壤。
 
　　蔬菜
 
　　立冬后要及時(shí)做好大棚搭建工作。同時(shí)，做好大棚蔬菜管理，白天氣溫高時(shí)可在背風(fēng)口揭膜通氣，晚上要注意做好大棚密封工作。華北及黃淮地區(qū)一定要在日平均氣溫下降到4℃左右，田間土壤夜凍晝消之時(shí)，抓緊時(shí)機(jī)澆好麥、菜及果園的冬水，以補(bǔ)充土壤水分不足，改善田間小氣候環(huán)境，防止“旱助寒威”，減輕和避免凍害的發(fā)生。
 
　　江南及華南地區(qū)，及時(shí)開好田間“豐產(chǎn)溝”，搞好清溝排水，是防止冬季澇漬和冰凍危害的重要措施。江淮地區(qū)，做好大棚長(zhǎng)季節(jié)栽培、秋延后栽培茄果類蔬菜拉秧工作，及時(shí)清潔田園，耕翻土壤，準(zhǔn)備下一季種植。
 
　　畜牧業(yè)
 
　　生豬秋季防疫工作，著重做好補(bǔ)針工作；耕牛加強(qiáng)放牧，吃足草料；在冬季來臨之間，開展一次驅(qū)蟲工作。放牧?xí)r，盡量讓山羊吃足草料多長(zhǎng)膘；長(zhǎng)毛兔秋繁工作，未配種的及時(shí)配上種；有養(yǎng)鵝習(xí)慣的農(nóng)戶趕緊引進(jìn)苗鵝飼養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)70日齡正趕上春節(jié)，可賣上好價(jià)錢。
 
　　農(nóng)田管理
 
　　客家有農(nóng)諺：“立冬前犁金，立冬后犁銀，立春后犁鐵(指應(yīng)早翻土)”，農(nóng)田深耕不但可以增加地力，而且可以把螻蛄等地下害蟲翻到地面上凍死，深耕在秋末冬初進(jìn)行為宜，一般深耕到9-13厘米，這樣可以破壞粘蟲、麥葉蜂等害蟲的蛹室，改變其方位，阻止羽化或孵化。
 
　　【節(jié)氣農(nóng)事歌】
 
　　1、“立冬即將冬天到，田渠棚舍要修牢，秋收秋種忙掃尾，抗災(zāi)田管掀高潮。”(適用于江淮地區(qū))
 
　　2、“立冬節(jié)到麥分蘗，除草要選晴暖天。耕翻整地修渠道，農(nóng)田建設(shè)掀高潮。”(適用于黃淮海地區(qū))
 
　　3、“北風(fēng)往復(fù)幾寒涼，疏木搖空半綠黃。大田整地修渠道，農(nóng)田建設(shè)掀高潮。”(適用于江南華南地區(qū))
 
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