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無土栽培是否有發(fā)展前景？

2018-05-12 11:51:12 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：33964 評論

導(dǎo)讀：科學(xué)的發(fā)展總是日新月異的，無土栽培這個新鮮的概念對于大家來說卻并不陌生，近年來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高，這項先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)已經(jīng)在我國取得了非常大的發(fā)展。此前央視播出的紀(jì)錄片《創(chuàng)新中國》中就有無土栽培的蹤影。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】科學(xué)的發(fā)展總是日新月異的，無土栽培這個新鮮的概念對于大家來說卻并不陌生，近年來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高，這項先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)已經(jīng)在我國取得了非常大的發(fā)展。此前央視播出的紀(jì)錄片《創(chuàng)新中國》中就有無土栽培的蹤影。
 

       那么，什么是無土栽培？無土栽培在中國真的有發(fā)展前景嗎？
 
　　無土栽培
 
　　無土栽培是以草炭或森林腐葉土、蛭石等輕質(zhì)材料做育苗基質(zhì)固定植株，讓植物根系直接接觸營養(yǎng)液，采用機(jī)械化精量播種一次成苗的現(xiàn)代化育苗技術(shù)。
 
　　無土栽培不用天然土壤，而采用含有植物生長發(fā)育必需元素的營養(yǎng)液來提供營養(yǎng)，終使植物正常完成整個生命周期。在無土栽培技術(shù)中，能否為植物提供一種比例協(xié)調(diào)，濃度適量的營養(yǎng)液，是栽培成功的關(guān)鍵。
 
　　發(fā)展優(yōu)勢
 
　　無土栽培的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，更加潔凈、鮮嫩、口感好、品質(zhì)上乘；產(chǎn)品相對適應(yīng)市場需求，尤其是蔬菜，不易貯藏，運(yùn)輸條件要求高，無土栽培的蔬菜生長周期短，而且可以在城市中培養(yǎng)，運(yùn)輸更加方便快捷；同時，節(jié)省肥料也是其優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一，無土栽培中，營養(yǎng)液中作物所需的各營養(yǎng)元素是人為配制的，不僅不會損失，而且保持平衡，根據(jù)作物種類以及同一作物的不同生長階段，科學(xué)地供應(yīng)養(yǎng)分；設(shè)施運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)率一年高達(dá)20茬以上，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高。
 
　　此外，無土栽培更加清潔衛(wèi)生，無土栽培施用的是無機(jī)肥料，沒有臭味，也不需要堆肥場地，不會造成害蟲的卵孳生，危害作物；省時省力，易于管理，減少了中耕、翻地、除草等作業(yè)；避免了土壤連作障礙以及土傳病害的侵?jǐn)_；脫離土壤環(huán)境，使得無土栽培不再受空間限制，對于沙漠、荒原或其他難以耕種的地區(qū)有著重大意義；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化作業(yè)，利于實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化、自動化，促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。
 
　　發(fā)展限制
 
　　無土栽培有著種種發(fā)展優(yōu)勢，但是同時我們也不能忽略其在推廣過程中的困境。無土栽培對資金要求高，一次性設(shè)備的投資大，而肥料等費(fèi)用也相對較高，大量的用電量也是資金要求高的原因之一。
 
　　另外，相對于傳統(tǒng)的種植栽培方式，顯然無土栽培對于人才的要求也更高，不僅僅需要農(nóng)業(yè)知識，還需有一定的管理知識，以及相對應(yīng)的專業(yè)知識，如營養(yǎng)液的配制、調(diào)整與管理都需要一些專門的知識。
 
　　盡管如此，我們依然能夠看到無土栽培的廣闊市場以及發(fā)展前景，科技的發(fā)展帶給我們的不僅僅是生活的便利還有生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營模式的進(jìn)步。
 
　　無土栽培類型
 
　　1、水培：水培蔬菜是指大部分根系生長在營養(yǎng)液液層層中，只通過營養(yǎng)液為其提供水分、養(yǎng)分、氧氣的有別于傳統(tǒng)土壤栽培形式下進(jìn)行栽培的蔬菜，但育苗時可能使用某些基質(zhì)。
 
　　2、巖棉栽培：巖棉栽培是將植物栽植于預(yù)先制做好的巖棉中，巖棉由60%的輝綠巖、20%石灰?guī)r和20%的焦炭在1600℃的高溫下熔化噴成0.005毫米的纖維并壓成塊。
 
　　3、基質(zhì)栽培：基質(zhì)栽培是將作物的根系固定在有機(jī)或無機(jī)的基質(zhì)中，通過滴灌或細(xì)流灌溉的方法，供給作物營養(yǎng)液，栽培基質(zhì)可以裝入塑料袋內(nèi)鋪于栽培溝或槽內(nèi)。
 
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