杭城要來一“雪”前恥 觀景同時更要做好農(nóng)業(yè)防護

2018-01-23 14:05:25 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：46193 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】據(jù)杭州市氣象臺預(yù)計，2018年1月23日冷空氣駕到，大可能性是25日前后杭城會有降雪天氣出現(xiàn)。中國天氣網(wǎng)8-15天中長期預(yù)報顯示，“杭州要連下8天雪”。
 
　　什么？杭州要持續(xù)一周的降雪天氣？別說是下8天雪，據(jù)市氣象臺統(tǒng)計，從歷*看，杭州連續(xù)3天以上出現(xiàn)降雪的次數(shù)都很少。面對許久不見的大雪，杭州各地也都在緊急部署保障農(nóng)作物安全過冬，那么風(fēng)雪天氣對農(nóng)業(yè)到底有什么影響，農(nóng)民又該如何應(yīng)對呢？

 
　　降雪對農(nóng)業(yè)的影響
 
　　2018年1月上旬，我國中東部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)入冬以來大范圍雨雪降溫天氣過程?？偟目?，此次降水降溫利于冬麥區(qū)土壤補墑，緩解部分麥田表墑不足，增強小麥抗寒能力，對小麥安全越冬十分有利，但也造成局部晚播弱苗輕微受凍，局地暴雪易造成設(shè)施蔬菜大棚受損。
 
　　對于寧夏等中南部農(nóng)牧業(yè)地區(qū)，此次降雪有利于增加土壤水分，緩解了部分山區(qū)早期旱情，對中南部山區(qū)春小麥、豆類播種較為有利。此外，降雪有利于促進冬小麥和多年生牧草正常返青。但降雪易造成灌區(qū)低洼地地表土壤濕度增加，不利于春播，延長播種期，并易造成日光溫室、設(shè)施大棚等因積雪增重使棚膜受損或設(shè)施倒塌。
 
　　綜上可以看出，降雪對小麥、土豆等田間農(nóng)作物來說大有裨益，但是對設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)造成的危害往往是嚴(yán)重的。1月上旬，渭南市出現(xiàn)一次強降雪天氣過程，降雪量大、時間集中，對設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)影響較大。據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計，全市設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)受災(zāi)近40782畝，直接經(jīng)濟損失上億元。
 
　　杭州按照全省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展和人民生活多元化的需要，著力推進綠色品種選育審定推廣，加強綠色產(chǎn)品的供給。其中，大棚蔬菜種植的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施必不可缺。面對即將到來的風(fēng)雪天氣，菜農(nóng)要做好萬全防護工作，以免措手不及。
 
　　面對風(fēng)雪 設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)防護工作需全面
 
　　?首先是增強防范意識。今年1月上旬的大雪，對于渭南來說，可謂是十年不遇，雖然氣象部門、電視臺等媒體多次發(fā)布黃色暴雪預(yù)警，但都未能引起農(nóng)戶重視；并且對于大棚設(shè)施，多數(shù)農(nóng)戶也不注重日常維護，例如未及時更換老舊構(gòu)件、破損棚膜，未配備除雪工具和災(zāi)后棚體支撐工具等，防范意識淡薄。在杭州大雪還未到來之前，杭州農(nóng)戶不要抱有僥幸心理，一定要將設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的防范工作做到全面。
 
　　?其次是大棚物理防護。在雨雪過程來臨前及時加固大棚，以免風(fēng)雪來臨鋼架大棚支撐力度不夠，壓塌大棚；同時還要做好大棚溫濕管理工作，當(dāng)室外溫度低時，有溫室調(diào)控條件的設(shè)施，注意適時增溫降濕。簡易大棚可適當(dāng)選用覆蓋物以增加棚內(nèi)溫度防受凍；若部分地區(qū)雨雪量較大，有造成大棚內(nèi)外積水的可能，因此需提前在大棚四周挖深溝，防止雪水倒?jié)B進棚內(nèi)，還可以增加棚內(nèi)濕度，減少蔬菜采收時的損失。
 
　　?后當(dāng)風(fēng)雪到來，要及時巡查、清除棚頂積雪，尤其要注意加強夜間除雪，避免積雪過厚壓塌棚室，造成損失；另外，雨雪天氣造成部分道路運輸受阻，難免會影響蔬菜等鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的運輸，因此做好農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的保鮮儲存工作也非常必要。
 
　　還記得上個月的杭城下了一場被眾網(wǎng)友嘲笑的“頭皮屑”一樣的雪嗎？相信這次大雪的到來，肯定可以一“雪”前恥。大家在迫不及待想要去西湖看雪的同時，還要做好設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的防護，以免雪災(zāi)到來猝不及防。

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