我國畜牧業(yè)“后一公里”正加速完善

2018-01-10 14:13:05 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：48257 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】畜牧業(yè)是我國農(nóng)村牧區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要支柱。規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖為城鄉(xiāng)居民肉蛋奶供應(yīng)提供了有力保障，為提高廣大居民的生活水平和質(zhì)量發(fā)揮了不可替代的重要作用，為農(nóng)民增收、保障就業(yè)做出了很大貢獻。但在畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物循環(huán)利用的過程中仍面臨不少阻礙，使得養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護的矛盾日顯突出。
 
　　“畜牧”與“環(huán)境”的矛盾根源
 
　　由于很長一段時間，農(nóng)戶都以考慮自身利益為大化，而對環(huán)境資源的保護和綜合治理考慮較輕，換句話說就是，由自身環(huán)保意識薄弱造成的對廢棄物利用意識的薄弱。
 
　　另外，不管是畜禽廢棄物或是其他農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的處理對普通畜牧農(nóng)戶來說，一次性投資的高成本難以承受。而對政府來說，需要補助的農(nóng)戶多，資金的整合也不是一件易事，因此，農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的循環(huán)處理對于農(nóng)戶和政府來說都有一定的困難。
 
　　在廢棄物處理設(shè)備方面，雖然很多地方已有廢棄物資源化利用的傳統(tǒng)，但是創(chuàng)新技術(shù)不夠，設(shè)備通用化系數(shù)也不高。另外，部分地區(qū)由于財政的支撐和吸納社會資金的能力不足，一些很好的技術(shù)在產(chǎn)業(yè)化的轉(zhuǎn)化過程中得不到應(yīng)用和推廣。
 
　　打通“后一公里”各地在行動
 
　　2018年初，河北省政府召開新聞發(fā)布會，解讀《河北省畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用工作方案》。規(guī)定，要利用中央財政農(nóng)機購置補貼資金，對糞污收、儲、運及有機肥加工使用等畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用裝備實行敞開補貼；將畜禽養(yǎng)殖場內(nèi)的養(yǎng)殖及相關(guān)活動用電納入農(nóng)業(yè)用電范圍，降低單機發(fā)電功率門檻，積極做好沼氣發(fā)電項目電網(wǎng)接入服務(wù)，符合并網(wǎng)技術(shù)標準的多余電量應(yīng)全額收購；對符合法定減免稅條件的糞污綜合利用企業(yè)，按規(guī)定給予稅收優(yōu)惠，落實沼氣和生物天然氣增值稅即征即退政策，支持生物天然氣和沼氣工程碳交易項目。
 
　　青海發(fā)布《青海省畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用的實施意見》。建立“看得見、摸得著、可操作、能實現(xiàn)”的工作方式方法，讓具體措施更加務(wù)實、更接地氣，效果更加明顯。展開以固體糞便集中加工利用、糞污全量收集集中處理、水肥一體化利用、糞便墊料回用等資源利用模式為主的處理方式，用綠色發(fā)展的辦法推動畜牧業(yè)提檔升級。
 
　　四川出臺《關(guān)于加快推進畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用的實施意見》。推進種養(yǎng)循環(huán)發(fā)展，鼓勵養(yǎng)殖場(小區(qū))通過自身流轉(zhuǎn)承包周邊農(nóng)田林地方式，采取“養(yǎng)殖場(小區(qū))→種植基地(農(nóng)戶)”模式，實現(xiàn)畜禽糞污就近還田利用；以規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場糞污處理、有機肥還田利用、沼氣和生物天然氣使用等指標為重點；對畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用裝備實行敞開補貼。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　2018年1月1日正式實施的我國首部《中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護稅法》明確指出，對存欄規(guī)模大于50頭牛、500頭豬、5000羽雞鴨等的養(yǎng)殖戶征收環(huán)保稅。簡單粗暴地理解就是，今年起將征收雞糞稅、豬糞稅、牛糞稅。雖然強硬，但是畜禽規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖廢棄物產(chǎn)生量大，資源化利用水平低，已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的重要組成，在實現(xiàn)綠色農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的道路上必定要摒除陋習(xí)，加快綠色化處理。

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