看數(shù)據(jù)：揭密日本農(nóng)用無人機(jī)行業(yè)的發(fā)展真相

2017-07-19 09:57:15 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：31163 評(píng)論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】上世紀(jì)80年代，日本植保無人機(jī)的研制工作就已經(jīng)開始，經(jīng)過三十多年的發(fā)展日本已然成為世界上農(nóng)用無人機(jī)大國。
 
　　人口密度大，屬于典型的人多地少國家的日本，耕地總面積共有447.1萬公頃，土壤主要為黑土(火山灰)、泥炭土以及泛堿土，因此，日本土壤可以說是真的很貧瘠了，但是好在大部分沖積土已開墾為水田，形成了特殊的水田土壤。據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1949年以來，全日本共建有4795個(gè)土地改良區(qū)，累計(jì)實(shí)施土地改良工程的規(guī)模為264萬公頃，達(dá)到耕地總面積的58%。土地改良工程實(shí)施以來，日本的農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力大幅提高，其中以水稻為主要糧食作物。
 
　　水稻種植不同于旱地，稻田的特殊環(huán)境使得地面裝備行走困難，并且日本人均耕地面積較小，地形多山，不適合有人駕駛固定翼飛機(jī)作業(yè)，因此日本的農(nóng)業(yè)空防以無人直升機(jī)為主。
 
　　上世紀(jì)80年代，日本植保無人機(jī)的研制工作就已經(jīng)開始了。1983年雅馬哈接到來自日本農(nóng)林水產(chǎn)省(隸屬日本中央省廳)提出的發(fā)明單旋翼無人直升機(jī)的要求。經(jīng)過4年研究探索，載荷為20千克的無人直升機(jī)R-50問世。據(jù)雅馬哈方面描述，盡管當(dāng)時(shí)其他國家也在研究類似產(chǎn)品，但R-50是款投入農(nóng)業(yè)噴灑實(shí)踐的無人直升機(jī)。
 
　　1991年，日本農(nóng)林水產(chǎn)省出臺(tái)了“推廣植保無人機(jī)在稻田中應(yīng)用”的政策，植保無人機(jī)在日本迎來了有利的大環(huán)境，大量植保無人機(jī)企業(yè)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
 
　　日本的植保有點(diǎn)類似于我們的統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治協(xié)會(huì)，或者是農(nóng)委、政府組織的一些農(nóng)機(jī)協(xié)會(huì)，在一個(gè)區(qū)域、一定時(shí)間內(nèi)集中噴灑，效率高，成本低。且擁有完善的服務(wù)體系，團(tuán)隊(duì)購買并且擁有大量植保服務(wù)公司，這給了無人機(jī)發(fā)展強(qiáng)有力的保障。專用航空藥劑多，僅無人機(jī)水稻施藥專用登記農(nóng)藥就有133種。
 
　　在日本，農(nóng)民購買無人機(jī)可以享受補(bǔ)貼。無人機(jī)售后年維修費(fèi)用為100w日元/年(折5.16萬人民幣/年)，且提供保險(xiǎn)，保費(fèi)為40w日元/年(折2.06萬人民幣/年)，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)故障之后可去附近修理廠維修，發(fā)生重大故障時(shí)可以使用備用飛機(jī)。
 
　　據(jù)相關(guān)媒體報(bào)道，去年日本已啟動(dòng)無人機(jī)監(jiān)視水稻和松林的實(shí)驗(yàn)，還可預(yù)測水稻收割的佳時(shí)機(jī)。經(jīng)過20多年的發(fā)展，日本已經(jīng)從1995年的307架增加到現(xiàn)在的2400多架，操作人員14000多人，成為世界上農(nóng)用無人機(jī)噴藥大國。
 
　　綜觀以上農(nóng)用無人機(jī)在日本的發(fā)展，對于我國農(nóng)用無人機(jī)行業(yè)有諸多可學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒之處。世界各國對植保無人機(jī)應(yīng)用程度有所不同，但總的來說，農(nóng)業(yè)航空技術(shù)是國家農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要組成部分，在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)高速發(fā)展形勢下，無人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用比重將逐漸加大。
 
　　據(jù)有關(guān)人士稱，隨著土地流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，我國植保無人機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)存在著近千億元的潛在市場。雖然國內(nèi)植保無人機(jī)發(fā)展前景可觀，但目前發(fā)展仍面臨著諸如：植保無人機(jī)價(jià)格令人望而卻步、配套服務(wù)滯后、行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不完善等障礙。盡管如此，我們依然相信現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的大趨勢及植保無人機(jī)在我國的發(fā)展前景，相信在不久的將來，我國農(nóng)業(yè)航空發(fā)展也能超越日本及其它發(fā)達(dá)國家，使我國從農(nóng)業(yè)大國逐漸壯大成為農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國。

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