從里約奧運會看農(nóng)機領(lǐng)域中國制造 只是冰山一角

2016-08-09 16:01:41 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 作者：sydneylulu 閱讀量：18726 評論

 　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】據(jù)外媒報道，在里約奧運會開幕的前幾日，一位意大利藝術(shù)家達里奧·甘巴林居然使用拖拉機，在自家農(nóng)田中創(chuàng)作了一幅里約地標建筑“基督山”結(jié)合奧運元素的畫，雖然工具和畫布奇特，但效果卻頗有幾分神似。此次創(chuàng)作初衷，甘巴林表示希望參加本屆奧運會的運動員們，能夠在賽場上展現(xiàn)相互理解、友誼、團結(jié)和公平競爭的奧林匹克精神。
　　
　　不是筆者崇洋媚外，不得不稱贊一下，國外的藝術(shù)家太有創(chuàng)意，他們總是有各種各樣的奇思妙想。這不，用一臺40歲“高齡”的拖拉機，就能代替畫筆，超過4萬7千平米的農(nóng)田也可以變成畫布。
　　
 

        通過高空攝像，我們看到甘巴林描繪的是里約地標建筑“基督山”的耶穌雕像。這座巨型雕像實物位于基督山頂部，為了紀念巴西獨立100周年而修建。雕像雙臂張開，鳥瞰整個里約，在里約市區(qū)里幾乎各個角度都可以看見它，是里約乃至整個巴西的象征。
　　
　　這位藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)意可贊，但筆者今天想要講的主題是：在這場巴西風情的里約奧運會上，正在悄然吹起一股股“中國制造風”。在此，伸出大拇指大聲稱贊：中國制造了不起，中國人很偉大。
　　
　　2016年里約奧運會，中國的參賽者，可不只有運動健兒！三一重工、徐工集團、中聯(lián)重科、雷沃重工——在奧運場館和公共交通建設(shè)的現(xiàn)場，已經(jīng)成了中國重工業(yè)企業(yè)和設(shè)備大顯神威的競技臺，下面我們來講講農(nóng)機領(lǐng)域的中國制造。
　　
　　同行皆知，三一重工、徐工集團、中聯(lián)重科、雷沃重工業(yè)務范圍均涉足農(nóng)機領(lǐng)域。農(nóng)業(yè)機械裝備是提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率、實現(xiàn)資源有效利用、推動農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展不可或缺的工具，對保障國家糧食安全、促進農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)增效、改變農(nóng)民增收方式和推動農(nóng)村發(fā)展起著非常重要的作用。
　　
　　農(nóng)機裝備是國務院發(fā)布的《中國制造2025》中提出的大力推動突破發(fā)展重點領(lǐng)域之一。從目前我國農(nóng)機化發(fā)展水平來看，主要還存在一些問題：
　　
　　我國號稱世界農(nóng)機制造大國 但非強國
　　
　　農(nóng)機工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀：世界農(nóng)機制造大國 ，缺乏核心技術(shù)，產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化。
　　
　　中國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國。“三農(nóng)”問題關(guān)乎國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定。中央一號文件已經(jīng)連續(xù)12次聚焦“三農(nóng)”，推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化多次成為核心主題。農(nóng)機裝備承擔了其他先進技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)上推廣應用載體的責任，農(nóng)業(yè)機械化是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的必要條件。
　　
　　毋庸置疑的是，在政府大力推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的過程中，農(nóng)機裝備行業(yè)實現(xiàn)了跨越式的發(fā)展，尤其從2004年開始在農(nóng)機購置補貼、農(nóng)村人口轉(zhuǎn)移導致的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化剛需雙重拉動下，我國農(nóng)機行業(yè)迎來了黃金十年。農(nóng)機工業(yè)生產(chǎn)總值2004年尚不足800億元，2012年已經(jīng)突破了3000億元，坐上了“農(nóng)機制造大國”的寶座，2014年這一數(shù)據(jù)更是攀升到3952.28億元，同比增長8.55%。
　　
　　然而，在農(nóng)業(yè)裝備市場規(guī)模迅速膨脹的背后，產(chǎn)業(yè)機構(gòu)不合理等長期積累的矛盾顯現(xiàn)。目前我國農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一，僅僅覆蓋了中小馬力拖拉機、聯(lián)合收割機等中低端傳統(tǒng)大型機械，這些產(chǎn)品市場經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展后已經(jīng)趨于飽和，產(chǎn)能嚴重過剩，盡管不少企業(yè)把目光盯向了海外市場，但由于產(chǎn)品的附加值較低，在市場占有率不高。同時，一些技術(shù)含量較高、有利于提高生產(chǎn)效率的農(nóng)業(yè)裝備和核心零部件長期依賴進口。缺乏核心技術(shù)，產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化已成為農(nóng)業(yè)裝備行業(yè)的大挑戰(zhàn)。
　　
　　從“中國制造”向“中國智造”轉(zhuǎn)變 農(nóng)業(yè)裝備將充分受益
　　
　　針對農(nóng)機裝備未來10年的發(fā)展，《中國制造2025》指出，重點發(fā)展糧、棉、油、糖等大宗糧食和戰(zhàn)略性經(jīng)濟作物育、耕、種、管、收、運、貯等主要生產(chǎn)過程使用的先進農(nóng)機裝備，加快發(fā)展大型拖拉機及其復式作業(yè)機具、大型聯(lián)合收割機等農(nóng)業(yè)裝備及關(guān)鍵核心零部件。提高農(nóng)機裝備信息收集、智能決策和作業(yè)能力，推進形成面向農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的信息化整體解決方案。
　　
　　《中國制造2025》將驅(qū)動“中國制造”向“中國智造”加速轉(zhuǎn)變，農(nóng)業(yè)裝備也將充分受益。在該規(guī)劃的帶動下，我國農(nóng)業(yè)裝備的自主創(chuàng)新能力有望進一步提升，農(nóng)機智能化的進程加速，這將極大提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率。
　　
　　作為“中國制造2025”重點發(fā)展的十個領(lǐng)域之一，我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械裝備制造業(yè)要以實施“中國制造2025”為契機，通過瞄準農(nóng)業(yè)裝備的高安全性、高可靠性、高適應性技術(shù)難題，推動數(shù)字化、智能化技術(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)裝備的深度融合，以實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的自動化、智能化、專業(yè)化為目標，以發(fā)展先進適用、低排放、低污染、高能效、率的環(huán)保型農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品為載體，提高農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品的信息收集、智能決策和作業(yè)能力，提升現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平，同時致力于推進基于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的作業(yè)、服務、信息等多方位支持的全程解決方案，促進農(nóng)業(yè)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)升級，實現(xiàn)由制造大國到制造強國的跨越。
　　
　　筆者結(jié)語：我國享有世界農(nóng)機制造大國的美譽，但非制造強國，其實主要原因歸根于我國制造業(yè)大而不強，自主創(chuàng)新能力不強；產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題突出；資源利用比較低，能耗較高，污染嚴重；產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，低端產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能嚴重過剩，產(chǎn)品能力較差這些主要問題亟待解決，那我國就離制造業(yè)強國不遠了，農(nóng)機裝備強國的稱號也將指日可待。（本站原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處）

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