農業(yè)機械化 創(chuàng)新很重要

2016-04-12 14:48:45 來源：中國農機網 作者：李艷 作者：李艷 閱讀量：24336 評論

       【中國農機網 本站原創(chuàng)】對于農業(yè)機械來說，技術創(chuàng)新是一個企業(yè)的立足之本。現(xiàn)在的農機市場發(fā)展空間巨大，很多工業(yè)機械企業(yè)都轉向農機方向發(fā)展。我國的農機市場還存在3000多鐘農機的空白，發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ蟆?/span>
　　
　　我國疆域遼闊，莊稼地地形多樣，針對不同的地形應該有不同的農機，農機已經向定制化發(fā)展了。
　　
　　一般而言，技術創(chuàng)新有獨立創(chuàng)新、合作創(chuàng)新、引進再創(chuàng)新三條路徑。具體哪條路徑優(yōu)，要看每個企業(yè)的具體情況。像我國很多大型的企業(yè)如中聯(lián)重科、雷沃等，都是通過引進再創(chuàng)新的形式對農機技術進行創(chuàng)新，利用國外先進的農機技術，融合我國的農業(yè)發(fā)展特色及農機發(fā)展方向對農機進行創(chuàng)新，通過這種方式在國外也占有一定的地位。
　　
　　近年來，我國農機產業(yè)的快速發(fā)展為農機化水平的穩(wěn)定提升提供了裝備支撐，但目前農機產品的有效供給遠遠不能滿足發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農業(yè)對其的需求。那么，農機的技術創(chuàng)新要從哪些方面進行呢？
　　
　　1.模式方面
　　
　　所謂機械化農業(yè)，很難繞開農藝只談機械，這方面的改進與創(chuàng)新就需要借鑒國外的經驗，不能只引進機械不引進耕種制度。因此找到適合國內的機械種植模式是一個重要的創(chuàng)新點。
　　
　　我國現(xiàn)在實行保護性耕作政策，鼓勵對土地少耕或免耕，以達到對土地資源的循環(huán)使用和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。而保護性耕作對我國的農機行業(yè)提出了新的要求，農機的發(fā)展也應該順應保護性耕作。
　　
　　而種植模式與收成息息相關，比如棉花，棉花采摘機械國外尤其是美國已經100%應用了，因為采摘機械的技術難度非常大，因此從耕種開始，等行距、合理密植、田間管理、脫葉劑的使用，到后續(xù)棉花打模、開模、軋花，全都是配套的，每個環(huán)節(jié)都抓了，機械采棉的品質才能上來。
　　
　　2.前沿技術方面
　　
　　目前，我國農機市場面臨的問題是低端產品產能過剩，中產品不足。在機械裝備產業(yè)，外資品牌在中國市場一直占主流地位，我們中國的品牌占了一個中低端這個市場，特別是低端市場。這也是農機改革的一個方向。行業(yè)骨干企業(yè)在加大產品研發(fā)力度的同時，加大產品結構調整力度，拋棄過去低價格爭奪市場的經營理念，重視經營質量。
　　
　　農用無人機現(xiàn)在是屬于前沿技術，大疆是無可撼動的霸主， 大疆MG-1設計了智能、手動及增強型手動三種作業(yè)模式，無需事先繪測農田即可直接規(guī)劃路線自動噴灑；此外，獨特的智能記憶功能令其在藥劑消耗將盡時可自動記憶坐標點，添加藥劑后一鍵返回記憶點繼續(xù)噴灑作業(yè)；更換電池時，斷電續(xù)航電路保障MG-1的飛控系統(tǒng)、傳感系統(tǒng)和航線規(guī)劃信息等不受影響。
　　
　　3.農機技術方面
　　
　　拖拉機在想邁進，就拿雷沃阿波斯P5110拖拉機來說，還曾經獲得“歐洲年度拖拉機銀獎”，采用雷沃阿波斯歐洲新設計的電子控制系統(tǒng)，明顯的變化就是將原來復雜的機械換擋操作過程簡化為簡單的按鈕式操作，通過操作按鈕就可以實現(xiàn)拖拉機不間斷換擋換向，這在有效降低操作難度和勞動強度的同時，大幅度提升了作業(yè)效率與質量。雷沃的動力換擋在我國處于地位。
　　
　　現(xiàn)階段技術難關主要有棉花采摘、殘膜回收、甘蔗收獲、油菜收獲、玉米收獲、玉米青貯…… 這些都是我國農機企業(yè)努力的方向。我國的工業(yè)技術在世界范圍內也還是處于前列的地位，農機發(fā)展時間叫短，與工業(yè)還相差一大截，農機的發(fā)展離不開工業(yè)，農機行業(yè)的發(fā)展應該與工業(yè)發(fā)展相結合，這樣才能互相發(fā)展，共同進步。
　　
　　農機行業(yè)是一個潛力巨大的市場，很多企業(yè)都紛紛轉向農機生產，希望分一杯羹，但企業(yè)不能盲目發(fā)展，要看清市場情形，把握農機動態(tài)。我國雖然現(xiàn)在的農機行業(yè)還在落后狀態(tài)，但經過國家與企業(yè)的努力，成為的農機生產大國也是指日可待的。

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